Scientists Verify Existence of First Lunar Cave, Potentially Serving as Shelter from Moon’s Harsh Temperatures
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Scientists have long speculated about the existence of lunar caves—underground passages formed by volcanic processes connected to pits on the moon’s surface. Now, an international team of researchers has provided the first direct evidence that the moon’s deepest known pit is linked to a cave that could serve as shelter for astronauts.
Identifying lunar locations capable of shielding humans and robotic explorers from extreme lunar conditions—such as radiation and temperature extremes—is crucial as countries like the United States and China aim for sustained human presence on the moon.
The discovery was made using archival radar data collected by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2010. By analyzing these measurements, researchers identified an empty space approximately 130 to 170 meters below the surface in Mare Tranquillitatis, or the Sea of Tranquility—a significant site in space history as Apollo 11’s landing site in 1969.
The newly revealed cave measures at least 45 meters wide and between 30 to 80 meters long, suggesting it may be just a segment of a larger lava tube system. Scientists believe there are likely more such caves waiting to be discovered.
Leonardo Carrer, study coauthor and assistant professor at the University of Trento, described the finding as a breakthrough in lunar science. He highlighted that lunar caves have been theorized for over 50 years, making this confirmation particularly significant.
The potential of these caves extends beyond providing shelter. They could offer valuable insights into the moon’s geological history and volcanic activity. Moreover, their stable thermal conditions—around 63 degrees Fahrenheit—make them attractive for scientific research and human habitation.
While further exploration is needed to fully understand the cave’s interior and accessibility, the discovery marks a milestone in lunar exploration, showcasing the moon’s potential as a base for future missions.
